Lua math functions
Lua math functions These are the functions in the "math" table. Trigonometry functions use radians. To convert degrees to radians use math.rad. Or, to look at it another way:
    radians = degrees * math.pi / 180
math.abs (v) Absolute value of v.
    math.abs (-5) --> 5
math.acos (v) Arc cosine of v. (Inverse operation of math.cos (v)).
    math.deg (math.acos (0.5)) --> 60
math.asin (v) Arc sine of v. (Inverse operation of math.sin(v)). math.atan (v) Arc tangent of v. (Inverse operation of math.tan (v)). math.atan2 (v1, v2) Arc tangent of v1/v2. math.ceil (v) Smallest integer >= v
    math.ceil (5.5) --> 6
math.cos (v) Cosine of v radians.
    math.cos (math.rad (60)) --> 0.5
math.cosh (v) Hyperbolic cosine of v radians.
    math.cosh (math.rad (60)) --> 1.6002868577024
math.deg (v) Convert v from radians to degrees. Note that math.rad is the inverse operation.
    math.deg (1.0471975511966)  --> 60
math.exp (v) e to the power v. Note that math.log is the inverse operation.
    math.exp (1) --> 2.718281828459 (e itself in this case)
math.floor () Largest integer <= v
    math.floor (5.5) --> 5
math.fmod (v1, v2) The modulus (remainder) of doing: v1 / v2
    math.fmod (100, 22) --> 12
m, n = math.frexp (v) The frexp function breaks down the floating-point value (v) into a mantissa (m) and an exponent (n), such that the absolute value of m is greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than 1.0, and v = m * 2^n. Note that math.ldexp is the inverse operation.
    m, n = math.frexp (1.23456e24)
    print (m) --> 0.51060204851673
    print (n) --> 81
    print ( 0.51060204851673 * 2^81 )  --> 1.23456e+024
math.huge The value HUGE_VAL, a value larger than or equal to any other numerical value. Note that this is a number, not a function.
    math.huge --> 1.#INF
math.ldexp (m, n) The ldexp function returns the value of m * 2^b. Note that math.frexp is the inverse operation.
    math.ldexp (0.51060204851673, 81)   --> 1.23456e+024
    math.ldexp (math.frexp (23452345) ) --> 23452345
math.log (v) Natural log of v. Note that math.exp is the inverse operation.
    math.log (123456) --> 11.723640096265
    math.exp (math.log (123456))  --> 123456
math.log10 (v) Log to the base 10 of v.
    math.log10 (123456) --> 5.0915122016278
    10 ^ 5.0915122016278 --> 123456.00000001 (slight rounding error)
math.max (v1, v2, ...) The highest of one or more numbers.
    math.max (4, 8, 100) --> 100
math.min () The lowest of one or more numbers.
    math.min (4, 8, 100) --> 4
i, f = math.modf (v) Returns two numbers, the integral part of v and the fractional part of v
    math.modf (10.2) --> 10  0.2
math.pi A variable representing the value of pi (not a function).
    print (math.pi) --> 3.1415926535898
math.pow (v1, v2) v1 raised to the power v2.
    math.pow (2, 8) --> 256
math.rad (v) Convert v from degrees to radians. Note that math.deg is the inverse operation.
    math.rad (60) --> 1.0471975511966
    assert (math.pi / 180 == math.rad (1))   --> (they are the same)
math.random (n, u) With no arguments, returns a random number in the range [0, 1). That is, zero up to but excluding 1. With 1 argument, returns an integer in the range [1, n]. That is from 1 up to and including n. With 2 arguments, returns an integer in the range [n, u]. That is from n up to and including u. Use math.randomseed to seed the generator.
    math.random () --> 0.30195013275552 (for example)
    math.random (5)  --> (a number from 1 to 5)
    math.random (4, 8)  --> (a number from 4 to 8)
math.randomseed () Seeds the random number generator with an integer. Re-seed with the same number to regenerate the same sequences by calling math.random.
    math.randomseed (44)
math.sin (v) Sine of v radians.
    math.sin ( math.rad (30)) --> 0.5
math.sinh (v) Hyperbolic sine of v radians.
    math.sinh ( math.rad (30)) --> 0.54785347388804
math.sqrt () Square root of v.
    math.sqrt (16) --> 4
math.tan (v) Tangent of v radians.
    math.tan( math.rad (45)) --> 1
math.tanh (v) Hyperbolic tangent of v radians.
    math.tanh( math.rad (45)) --> 0.65579420263267
See Also ... Topics Lua base functions Lua coroutine functions Lua debug functions Lua io functions Lua os functions Lua package functions Lua script extensions Lua string functions Lua table functions (Help topic: general=lua_math) Documentation contents page